The soils in southeastern Nigeria, characterized as structurally unstable ultisols and alfisols, are highly erodible. Gully erosion, a prevalent issue, is exacerbated by physical, socioeconomic, and anthropogenic factors along with poor agricultural practices.
Studies indicate that gully incidents contribute significantly to sediment production on agricultural lands, particularly in areas affected by bush burning, continuous cultivation, and mining. The expansion of gullies is a continual threat, with new sites developing each rainy season due to heavy precipitation.
Anambra State stands out with a concentration of active gully sites in nearly every community. The extensive soil loss in this region results in ecological damage, soil fertility decline, reduced biodiversity, and diminished agricultural productivity, leading to poverty and food insecurity.
In Imo State, the Orlu zone experiences the highest number of active gullies due to human activities and geological factors. The depth and scale of gullies in certain areas are alarming, threatening agricultural lands and infrastructure.
Abia State faces similar challenges, with catastrophic gullies affecting agricultural lands and infrastructure in various local government areas. These erosional impacts collectively undermine food security and agricultural output in southeastern Nigeria. Efforts to mitigate soil erosion and its consequences are crucial for sustaining livelihoods and ecosystems in this region.
Based on the existing literature, it is evident that soil erosion issues in southeastern Nigeria are on the rise. Without sufficient attention, this problem is likely to persist for future generations. It is imperative that governments at all levels in Nigeria prioritize addressing erosion by enacting robust regulations to combat widespread land degradation issues.
